Updated on Dec 18, 2024
Pallavi
The BCECE 2025 syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including biology, agriculture, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Examinees at the state level take the Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination (BCECE). The Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board is in charge of overseeing this test.
There will be just one segment to the BCECE Exam. The examination is scheduled for July 2025. The Intermediate (I.Sc/+2/equivalent) syllabus shall serve as the basis for the question paper. In the state of Bihar, the BCECE is held for admission to undergraduate programs in pharmacy and agriculture. The exam for the forthcoming session 2025 will take place during the week of July 2025. The five disciplines that make up the BCECE Syllabus 2025 are as follows:
Physics Syllabus
| Unit | Topics |
|---|---|
| Physical World and Measurement | - Physics: scope and excitement, nature of physical laws; Physics, technology, and society. - Need for measurement: Units of measurement, systems of units. - S.I. units, fundamental and derived units. - Length, mass, and time measurements. - Accuracy and precision of measuring instruments. - Errors in measurement, significant figures, and regular and irregular errors. - Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications. |
| Kinematics | - Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, position-time graph, speed, and velocity. - Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed, and instantaneous velocity. - Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, and position-time graphs. - Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment). - Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion. - Scalar and vector quantities: Position and displacement vectors, general vectors, and notation. - Equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number, addition, and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity. - Unit vector, Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components. - Motion in a plane, Cases of uniform velocity, and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, uniform circular motion. |
| Laws of Motion | - Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion, momentum, and Newton’s Second law of motion, impulse, Newton’s third law of motion, Law of conservation of linear momentum, and its applications. - Equilibrium of concurrent forces, static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication. - Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road). |
| Work, Energy, and Power | - Scalar product of Vector work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power. - Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (Kinetic and potential energies), non-conservative forces, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. |
| Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body | - Centre of mass of two-particle systems, momentum, conservation, and centre of mass motion, centre of mass of a rigid body, centre of mass of circular ring, disc, rod, and sphere. - Vector product of vectors; momentum of a force, torque angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples. - Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation, and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motion. - Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects (no derivation), statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. |
| Gravitation | - Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, The universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity, and its variation with altitude and depth. - Gravitational potential energy, gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of satellite, Geo-stationary satellites. |
| Properties of Bulk Matter | - Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus, Deformation, Shear modulus of rigidity. - Pressure due to fluid column, Pascal’s law, and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes). - Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. - Viscosity, Stoke’s law, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number, Streamline and turbulent flow, Bernoulli’s theorem, and its applications. - Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension, ideas to drop bubbles, and capillary rise. |
| Heat and Thermodynamics | - Heat, temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, Calorimetry, change of state, latent heat. - Heat transfer – conduction, convection, and radiation, thermal conductivity, Newton’s law of cooling. - Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (Zeroth law of thermodynamics). Heat, work, and internal energy. - First law of thermodynamics. - Second law of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engines and refrigerator. |
| Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory | - Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. - Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, concept of pressure, Kinetic energy, and temperature, rms speed of gas molecules, degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases, concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s number. |
| Oscillations and Waves | - Periodic motion – period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions, simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation, phase, oscillation of a spring – restoring force, and force constant energy in SHM – Kinetic and potential energies, simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its time period). - Free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance. - Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion, Displacement relation for progressive waves, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect. |
| Electrostatics | - Electric Charge; Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. - Electric field; electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. - Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). - Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. - Conductors and insulators, free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Van de Graaff generator. |
| Current Electricity | - Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, and conductivity. - Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. - Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference, and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. - Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. - Potentiometer – principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell. |
| Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism | - Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. - Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. - Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. - Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. - Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field, moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. - Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. - Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in an uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. - Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets. |
| Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | - Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. - Need for displacement current. - Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current. - AC generator and transformer. |
| Electromagnetic Waves | - Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. - Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. |
| Optics | - Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, |
Chemistry Syllabus
| Topic | Key Concepts |
|---|---|
| General Introduction | Importance and scope of chemistry, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, stoichiometry. |
| Structure of Atom | Discovery of subatomic particles, atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr), quantum numbers, electron configuration, principles (Aufbau, Pauli, Hund). |
| Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties | Development of periodic table, periodic trends (atomic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity). |
| Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure | Ionic and covalent bonds, VSEPR theory, hybridization, molecular orbital theory, hydrogen bonding. |
| States of Matter | Gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay Lussac’s, Avogadro’s), ideal gas equation, liquification of gases, properties of liquids (vapor pressure, viscosity, surface tension). |
| Thermodynamics | System types, First law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, Hess’s law, entropy, Gibbs free energy. |
| Equilibrium | Dynamic equilibrium, law of mass action, Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium, pH, buffer solutions. |
| Redox Reactions | Oxidation and reduction concepts, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, applications. |
| Hydrogen | Position in periodic table, preparation, properties, uses of hydrogen, hydrides, water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide. |
| s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals) | General properties, trends, preparation and uses of compounds (sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate). |
| Some p-Block Elements | Properties of Group 13-18 elements, important compounds of boron, carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, halogens, noble gases. |
| Organic Chemistry – Basic Principles | IUPAC nomenclature, types of organic reactions, electronic effects, reaction intermediates (free radicals, carbocations, carboanions). |
| Hydrocarbons | Classification (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons), methods of preparation, chemical reactions. |
| Environmental Chemistry | Pollution (air, water, soil), smogs, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect, green chemistry. |
| Solid State | Classification of solids, unit cells, crystal lattices, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. |
| Solutions | Types of solutions, colligative properties, abnormal molecular masses. |
| Electrochemistry | Conductance, electrolysis, galvanic cells, EMF, Nernst equation, corrosion. |
| Chemical Kinetics | Reaction rates, factors affecting rates, rate law, collision theory. |
| Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, catalysis, colloidal state, properties of colloids. |
| General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements | Extraction principles, refining methods, extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, iron. |
| d- and f-Block Elements | Properties of transition metals, preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄, lanthanoids, actinoids. |
| Coordination Compounds | Ligands, coordination number, isomerism, bonding, importance of coordination compounds. |
| Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Nomenclature, substitution reactions, uses and environmental effects of haloalkanes and haloarenes. |
| Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers | Nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses of alcohols, phenols, ethers. |
| Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids | Nomenclature, preparation, properties, reactivity, uses of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids. |
| Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen | Amines, cyanides, isocyanides, diazonium salts, preparation, properties, and uses. |
| Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids. |
| Polymers | Classification, polymerization methods, important synthetic and natural polymers. |
| Chemistry in Everyday Life | Chemicals in medicines, food, cleansing agents |
Mathematics
| Topic | Subtopics/Concepts |
|---|---|
| SETS | |
| Sets and their Representations | Description and examples of sets, notations. |
| Empty Set | Definition, significance. |
| Finite & Infinite Sets | Characteristics and examples of finite and infinite sets. |
| Equal Sets | Definition and criteria for sets to be equal. |
| Subsets | Definition, properties, and examples of subsets. |
| Subsets of Real Numbers | Special intervals, including notations (open, closed, semi-open intervals). |
| Power Set | Definition, properties, calculation of the power set. |
| Universal Set | Definition, examples, significance in set theory. |
| Venn Diagrams | Representation of sets, their operations (union, intersection, difference, complement). |
| Union & Intersection of Sets | Definitions, properties, examples of union and intersection. |
| Difference of Sets | Definition, properties, and examples of set differences. |
| Complement of a Set | Definition, examples, and properties. |
| RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS | |
| Ordered Pairs | Definition, properties, examples of ordered pairs. |
| Cartesian Product of Sets | Definition, properties, number of elements in the Cartesian product, special cases (e.g., Cartesian product of reals). |
| Relation | Definition, types, examples, domain, co-domain, range. |
| Function | Definition, as a special kind of relation, domain, co-domain, range. |
| Types of Functions | Real-valued, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, greatest integer, etc., along with their graphs. |
| Operations on Functions | Sum, difference, product, quotient of functions. |
| TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS | |
| Angles and Their Measures | Positive and negative angles, radians and degrees, conversion between the two. |
| Trigonometric Functions | Definition using the unit circle, identities, graphing, signs of trigonometric functions, expressing sin(x+y) and cos(x+y). |
| Trigonometric Identities | Identities related to sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sin3x, cos3x, tan3x. |
| Trigonometric Equations | General solutions for equations like sinθ = sinα, cosθ = cosα, and tanθ = tanα. |
| Sine & Cosine Formulas | Proof and simple applications of sine and cosine rules. |
| ALGEBRA (I) | |
| Principle of Mathematical Induction | Explanation, application to natural numbers, examples. |
| Complex Numbers & Quadratic Eqns | Algebraic properties, Argand plane, polar representation, quadratic equations in complex numbers, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. |
| Linear Inequalities | Algebraic solutions, graphical representation, solutions in one and two variables, system of linear inequalities. |
| Permutation & Combination | Fundamental principle of counting, formulae for permutations and combinations, applications. |
| Binomial Theorem | History, proof, applications, Pascal’s triangle, general and middle terms. |
| Sequence & Series | Arithmetic progression (AP), geometric progression (GP), arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), relations, sums of series. |
| COORDINATE GEOMETRY (I) | |
| Straight Lines | Slope, equations of a line, general equation, distance from a point to a line. |
| Conic Sections | Circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, degenerated cases, standard equations, and properties. |
| Three-Dimensional Geometry (Intro) | Coordinates in 3D, distance between points, section formula. |
| CALCULUS (I) | |
| Limits and Derivatives | Definition of limits, derivatives, application to rate of change, slope of tangent, derivatives of sums, products, quotients, polynomial and trigonometric functions. |
| MATHEMATICAL REASONING | |
| Statements and Logical Connectives | Acceptable statements, connecting words/phrases, logical equivalence, validation of statements. |
| STATISTICS & PROBABILITY (I) | |
| Statistics | Measures of dispersion, mean deviation, variance, standard deviation, analysis of frequency distributions. |
| Probability | Outcomes, events, sample spaces, axiomatic probability, ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘not’ events, mutually exclusive events, etc. |
| RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS | |
| Types of Relations | Reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence relations. |
| Types of Functions | One-to-one, onto, composite functions, inverse functions, binary operations. |
| Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Definition, range, domain, principal value branches, graphs, properties. |
| ALGEBRA (II) | |
| Matrices | Types, properties, operations (addition, multiplication, scalar multiplication), non-commutativity, row/column operations, invertible matrices. |
| Determinants | Properties, minors, cofactors, adjoint, inverse, applications in solving linear equations, area of a triangle. |
| CALCULUS (II) | |
| Continuity and Differentiability | Definition, derivatives of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of implicit functions, exponential/logarithmic functions, second order derivatives, Mean Value Theorems. |
| Applications of Derivatives | Rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents/normals, approximations, maxima/minima. |
| Integrals | Integration as the inverse of differentiation, techniques (substitution, partial fractions, by parts), definite integrals, properties of definite integrals. |
| Applications of Integrals | Areas under curves, area between curves, applications in geometry. |
| Differential Equations | Order and degree, formation, solution methods (separation of variables, homogeneous, linear equations). |
| VECTORS AND THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY (II) | |
| Vectors | Magnitude, direction, types of vectors, position vectors, dot product, cross product, vector addition, and multiplication. |
| Three-Dimensional Geometry | Cartesian and vector equations of lines and planes, angle between lines/planes, distance of a point from a plane. |
| LINEAR PROGRAMMING | |
| Linear Programming Problems | Definition, constraints, objective function, graphical solution, feasible/infeasible regions, optimal solutions. |
| PROBABILITY (II) | |
| Probability Theorems | Multiplication theorem, conditional probability, independent events, Bayes’ theorem, probability distribution, Bernoulli trials, Binomial distribution. |
| Biology Syllabus | |
| Main Topic | Subtopics/Concepts |
| DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD | |
| The Living World | Characteristics of living organisms, diversity in living organisms, taxonomy, and systematics. |
| Biological Classification | Five kingdoms of life, criteria for classification, viruses, viroids, lichens. |
| Plant Kingdom | Major groups (algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms), life cycles, alternation of generations. |
| Animal Kingdom | Classification of animals, non-chordates, chordates, phyla and classes with examples. |
| STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS | |
| Morphology of Flowering Plants | Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, anatomy, and functions. |
| Anatomy of Flowering Plants | Tissue systems, anatomy of monocot and dicot plants, secondary growth. |
| Structural Organisation in Animals | Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous), morphology, and anatomy of cockroach, earthworm, frog. |
| CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | |
| Cell: The Unit of Life | Cell theory, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell organelles and their functions, differences between plant and animal cells. |
| Biomolecules | Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, their roles in cellular functions. |
| Cell Cycle and Cell Division | Phases of cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, significance of cell division, regulation of cell cycle. |
| PLANT PHYSIOLOGY | |
| Transport in Plants | Movement of water, minerals, nutrients, transpiration, plant-water relations, ascent of sap, transpiration pull. |
| Mineral Nutrition | Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen metabolism, biological nitrogen fixation. |
| Photosynthesis in Higher Plants | Photosynthetic pigments, light reactions, Calvin cycle, C4 and CAM pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis. |
| Respiration in Plants | Glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, respiratory quotient. |
| Plant Growth and Development | Growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA), photoperiodism, vernalization, seed dormancy, and germination. |
| HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY | |
| Digestion and Absorption | Human digestive system, digestive glands, digestion, absorption, assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids. |
| Breathing and Exchange of Gases | Respiratory organs, mechanism of breathing, exchange of gases, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation of respiration. |
| Body Fluids and Circulation | Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation, lymph, structure of the heart, cardiac cycle, ECG, double circulation. |
| Excretory Products and Their Elimination | Human excretory system, urine formation, osmoregulation, regulation of kidney function, disorders related to excretory system. |
| Locomotion and Movement | Types of movement, human skeletal system, joints, disorders of the muscular and skeletal system. |
| Neural Control and Coordination | Neuron, reflex action, synapse, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, neural coordination, sensory organs. |
| Chemical Coordination and Integration | Endocrine glands, hormones, their functions, feedback mechanism, disorders related to endocrine glands. |
| SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | |
| Reproduction in Organisms | Modes of reproduction (asexual and sexual), life cycles in different organisms, reproduction in plants and animals. |
| Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Structure of flower, development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization, development of seed and fruit, apomixis, polyembryony. |
| Human Reproduction | Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, pregnancy, parturition, lactation. |
| Reproductive Health | Reproductive health, contraception, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies (ART). |
| GENETICS AND EVOLUTION | |
| Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Mendel’s laws of inheritance, chromosomal theory of inheritance, incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, linkage, crossing over. |
| Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Structure of DNA and RNA, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, regulation of gene expression, human genome project, DNA fingerprinting. |
| Evolution | Origin of life, theories of evolution, evidences of evolution, adaptive radiation, human evolution. |
| BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE | |
| Human Health and Disease | Common diseases in humans (infectious and non-infectious), immunity, AIDS, cancer, drug and alcohol abuse. |
| Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production | Improvement in crop yields, animal husbandry, plant breeding, tissue culture, single-cell proteins, biofortification. |
| Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in household products, industrial production, sewage treatment, biogas production, bio-control agents, bio-fertilizers. |
| BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS | |
| Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology), tools of genetic engineering, cloning vectors, PCR, gene cloning. |
| Biotechnology and Its Applications | Applications in agriculture (Bt crops), medicine (gene therapy, molecular diagnosis), transgenic animals, ethical issues, biopiracy, and patents. |
| ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT | |
| Organisms and Populations | Organisms and their environment, population and ecological adaptations, population interactions, population attributes. |
| Ecosystem | Structure and function, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids, ecological succession, nutrient cycling, ecosystem services. |
| Biodiversity and Conservation | Levels of biodiversity, importance of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, conservation methods, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries. |
| Environmental Issues | Air and water pollution, solid waste management, global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, agrochemicals, their impacts and mitigation strategies. |
| Agriculture Syllabus | |
| Main Topic | Subtopics/Concepts |
| INTRODUCTORY AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-METEOROLOGY | |
| Introduction to Agriculture | Definition, importance of agriculture, scope, and branches of agriculture. |
| Agro-meteorology | Climate, weather, climatic factors influencing agriculture, weather forecasting, role of agro-meteorology in crop production. |
| SOIL AS A MEDIUM OF PLANT GROWTH | |
| Soil Composition and Properties | Physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, soil texture, structure, soil pH, cation exchange capacity, soil fertility. |
| Soil Formation and Classification | Soil genesis, types of soils, soil classification, soil survey, land capability classification. |
| Soil Health and Management | Soil organic matter, soil erosion, soil conservation practices, soil fertility management, soil testing. |
| PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS | |
| Principles of Plant Breeding | Methods of plant breeding, selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, genetic engineering, transgenic crops. |
| Genetics | Basic principles of genetics, Mendelian inheritance, genetic variation, molecular genetics, polyploidy, genetic markers. |
| Biotechnology in Agriculture | Role of biotechnology in crop improvement, GMOs, marker-assisted selection, tissue culture techniques. |
| AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | |
| Farm Machinery and Implements | Types of farm machinery, tractors, plows, harrows, planters, threshers, maintenance and repair of farm equipment. |
| Irrigation Engineering | Methods of irrigation (surface, subsurface, sprinkler, drip), water management, irrigation scheduling, drainage systems. |
| Post-Harvest Technology | Techniques of harvesting, threshing, storage, How would you rate your experience with this page up to now? Birla Institute of Technology and Science Adm... (BITSAT) Exam Date Dec 01, 2024 Last Date Nov 15, 2024 Joint Entrance Examination Main (JEE MAINS) Exam Date Dec 10, 2024 Last Date Nov 20, 2024 Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE-2025) Exam Date Feb 05, 2025 Last Date Jan 15, 2025 Built in India  © 2025 KollegeApply. All rights reserved. |
