Subjects |
Topics |
Natural Products |
Phytochemistry
Secondary metabolites
Methods of extraction, isolation, and characterization of natural products
Important therapeutic classed
Biosynthetic pathways
Primary metabolites
Marine natural products
Plant growth regulators
Spectroscopy
Dietary antioxidants |
Stereochemistry |
Pharmacology and toxicology
Evaluation of formulation, principles, and methods of release control in oral formulations
Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies
Compartmental modelling
Packaging
Dosage forms
Additives of formulation, types, examples, advantages, disadvantages, drug excipient interaction, incompatibility, various types of incompatibilities
(TDDS)
Fischer, sawhorse and Newman projection formulas
Standardization of natural products
Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
Pharmaceutics and formulation (Pharmaceutical Technology)
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects
Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME
Drug metabolism
Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways
Pharmacological screening
Mechanism of drug action
Drug-receptor interaction
Detailed study of CNS pharmacology Transdermal drug delivery systems
Diseases
Chemotherapy and pathophysiology
Bioassay methods
Drug delivery systems (DDS)
Carriers in DDS
Biological sources of important classes of natural products
Parenteral
Drug targeting
Complexation
Solubilisation
Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form
Viscosity measurements |
Pharmaceutical analysis |
Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf-life determination, thermal stability, formulation stability
Various analytical techniques
Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests, disintegration and dissolution tests.
Solubility
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): principles, absorption enhancers, evaluation of TDDS.
Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactants, proteins, lipids, prodrugs etc.
Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various release patterns
Osmolality, osmolality, osmotic pressure, conductivity, Preservatives, Media for bioassay.
Spectroscopic methods
Electrophoresis
UV-Visible
NMR
XRD
IR
Fluorimetry
HPLC
IR
GC
LCMS
Mass
NMR Peaks
Particle sizing
Chromatography- detailed QA and QC: GLP, TQM, ISO system
Preformulation, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
Crystallinity, polymorphism, solvates and hydrates, crystal habits, porosity, surface area flow properties.
Dosage forms, Stages of dosage form development |
Biotechnology and biochemistry |
Pharmaceutical technology
Classification of enzymes and the mechanism of their function of action of
Genetic Engineering
Blotting techniques(Western, southern)
Gel electrophoresis
Gene cloning
Immunoassays, protein
RNA synthesis
DNA synthesis
rDNA technology |
Gene expression |
Mutation
Replication
Transcription, translation
Recombination, bacteriophages |
Cloning |
Fermentation
Methods, isolation of nucleic acids, enzymes in cloning |
Chemistry |
Basic organic chemistry and biochemistry Stereochemistry
Osazone test
Mutarotation
Medicinal chemistry and Bulk Drugs
Keto-enol tautomerism
IUPAC nomenclature
Introduction to thermal methods of analysis
Introduction to Redox reactions
Imine-enamine
Hybridization
Amino acids proteins
Type of stereoisomer
Basic methods of synthesis of various organic compounds
Named reactions
Various Heterocycles, Heterocycle synthesis, reactions
Tautomerism
Spectroscopy
Resolution methods
Reaction kinetics, first second third and pseudo-first-order reactions, radiolabeling for determination of mechanism.
Racemic mixture
R and S nomenclature
Reactions like Cannizarro’s reaction
Pericyclic reactions
Ester hydrolysis
Huckel’s rule reaction mechanisms-
E and Z isomerism
Common condensation reactions like Aldol, Claisen Perkin, Dickmann, Darzen
Chromatography
Carbohydrates classification
Aromaticity |
Aptitude |
Simple Mathematics
logical reasoning and data analysis,
questions based on the English language |
Pharmacology |
Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME
Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.
Chemotherapy and pathophysiology- knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of action and the microorganisms responsible for various common diseases.
Diseases: a study of the pharmacology of the diseases and drugs used with the mode of action especially of diabetes, malaria, leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and immunomodulation.
Study of the basis of threshold areas of work in NIPER in the pharmacology dept. Mentioned in the brochure.
Detailed study of CNS pharmacology especially opioid receptors
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects.
Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.
Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.
Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
Partial agonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways etc. |
Phytochemistry |
Methods of extraction, isolation, and characterization of natural products.
Various separation techniques used for the isolation of natural products.
Biosynthetic pathways.
Primary metabolites, their examples
Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, etc.).
Important therapeutic classes: anti-diabetics, hepato-protectives, immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, natural products for gynaecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.
Dietary antioxidants, Marine natural products, plant growth regulators.
Fischer projection formulas.
Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)
Standardisation of natural products, analytical pharmacognosy.
Difference between natural products and pharmacognosy
Some knowledge about types and preparation of ayurvedic formulations like asava, arista etc. |